Expert consensus on day care cancer diagnosis and treatment in China (2022 Edition) / 中华肿瘤杂志

In order to thoroughly implement the "Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting the Construction of a Hierarchical Diagnosis and Treatment System" (Guobanfa 〔2015〕 No. 70), the day care diagnosis and treatment services are taken as the starting point, to promote the realization of separate treatment of acute and chronic diseases, improve the use of medical resources and the efficiency of medical services, save medical insurance funds, reduce the financial burden of patients, and improve the quality of life of patients, so that more patients can receive much-needed treatment. Based on the current situation of day care cancer diagnosis and treatment in China and the existing problems in management mode, system, process, safety management, information construction, etc, multidisciplinary experts synthesized domestic and foreign literature, combined with clinical practice, discussed and revised repeatedly, finally formulated the "Expert consensus on day care cancer diagnosis and treatment in China (2022 edition)". It aims to provide better day care diagnosis and treatment guidance for clinical oncologists, promote the further development of day care cancer diagnosis and treatment in China, improve the effective utilization of social medical resources, and better serve patients, hospitals and society.

Determinantes de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral en adultos mayores de un centro diurno costarricense: Resultados de un estudio piloto / Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Determinants in the Elderly from a Costa Rican Day Center: Findings of a Pilot Study

Resumen: El cambio de la distribución demográfica en Costa Rica establece a las personas adultas mayores (PAM) como una prioridad de salud pública. La salud oral es un indicador multidimensional, que incluye dimensiones biológicas, sociales y psicológicas. En este campo de investigación, además de utilizar las medidas de morbi-mortalidad, se ha dado una importancia a distintos indicadores que pretenden aproximar otras dimensiones subjetivas. Dentro de estas, la calidad de vida toma cada vez más importancia. Este estudio pretende identificar los principales determinantes de la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud Oral (CVRSO) en PAM de un centro diurno del cantón de Desamparados en San José, Costa Rica. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal de tipo observacional realizado entre 2018 y 2019. La CVRSO, se midió a través del instrumento GOHAI (General/Geriatric Oral Health Assesment Index). Como variables independientes se incluyeron las sociodemográficas, socioeconómicas, de morbilidad, comportamientos de salud y consumo de medicamentos. Se realizaron análisis bivariados con las pruebas no paramétricas de Wilcoxon, Kruskall-Wallis y Spearman, utilizando el paquete estadístico STATA 14. Este estudio revela que existen diferencias de promedio al comparar la CVRSO y los determinantes demográficos, socioeconómicos, de morbilidad, toma de medicamentos y comportamientos de salud. Los mayores de 80 años, las mujeres, aquellos con niveles superiores de escolaridad, de ingresos altos, sin edentulismo, con niveles bajos de xerostomía, sin enfermedades, que no toman medicamentos, que no fuman, hacen deporte, que no meriendan y que consumen moderadamente azúcares, son aquellos que reportan una mejor CVRSO comparados a sus contrapartes.

Abstract: The change in the demographic distribution of Costa Rica establishes the elderly as a public health priority. Oral health is a multidimensional indicator, which includes biological, social, and psychological dimensions. Besides using measures of morbidity and mortality, different indicators seek to approximate other subjective dimensions. There is an increasing interest in analyzing the role of quality of life on health. This study aims to identify the main determinants of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQL) in the elderly attending a day center in the city of Desamparados (San José, Costa Rica). This is a descriptive cross-sectional study ran between 2018 and 2019. OHRQL was measured via the General / Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). As independent variables, sociodemographic, socioeconomic, morbidity, health behaviors, and drug consumption were included. Bivariate analyzes were performed using the Wilcoxon, Kruskall-Wallis, and Spearman non-parametric tests, using STATA 14. This study revealed differences in GOHAI scores according to demographic, socioeconomic, morbidity, medication, and health behaviors. Those over 80 years old, women, with higher levels of education, high income, without edentulism, with low levels of xerostomia, people without diseases, who do not take medication, who do not smoke, play sports, do not snack and who consume moderately sugars, are those that report a better OHRQL compared to their counterparts.

Análisis de parámetros de calidad y de costos, de uso del catéter venoso central de inserción periférica frente al catéter de inserción central, en población pediátrica del Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia. 2011-2014 / Analysis of quality parameters and costs of using the central venous catheter of peripheral insertion versus the central insertion catheter in pediatric patients at Hospital Univeristario Del Valle, Cali Colombia 2011-2014

Objetivo: estimar parámetros de calidad y de costos en el procedimiento de inserción de Catéter Venoso Central y el Catéter Venoso Central de inserción periférica. Metodología: Se evaluaron las historias de niños (edad 31 días -15 años ), que ingresaron al Hospital Universitario del Valle, entre enero de 2011 y diciembre de 2014, que requirieron canalización de una vena central. Se evaluaron variables demográficas, de calidad y se estimaron costos de ambos procedimientos. Resultados: Se evaluaron 100 procedimientos de inserción Central y 100 de inserción periférica, los últimos tuvieron menor tiempo de espera, se realizaron en la habitación, no requirieron ayuno, ni traslado al quirófano, a un menor costo, lo cual impactó la oportunidad de administración de tratamiento farmacológico, la evolución y la estancia hospitalaria. Conclusiones: Se recomienda que el procedimiento de inserción periférica sea la primera elección en niños que requieran tratamientos endovenosos mayores a cinco días, para esto es necesario conformar un grupo que supervise el funcionamiento de los catéteres y brinde educación continua al personal de salud de los servicios de hospitalización y a familiares, contar con una sala de procedimiento para la inserción del PICC que brinde seguridad y adecuado manejo del dolor.

Aim: to estimate quality and cost parameters of central venous catheter insertion peripheral and central venous catheter procedures. Methods: we reviewed records of 200 children (31 days - years old), hospitalised at a University Hospital between January 2011 and December 2014 who required central vein access. We assessed demographic, quality variables and cost of both procedures. Results: we reviewed records of 100 central insertion and 100 peripheral insertion procedures. Peripheral insertions had less waiting time, were conducted next to the child's bed, without need for fasting or transfering to the operating room, at a lower cost, all of these ensured timely administration of medicaments and nutrition, which resulted in lower stance time. The peripheral insertion also freed surgeon and operating room time to perform other interventions. Conclusions: We recommend that peripheral insertion procedure should be the first choice in children requiring intravenous treatments longer than five days. In order to establish a periferal insertion procedure in a hospital, a team is required to follow-up the patients and provide continuing education to health personnel in services and to family members, there is also a need for an appropiate space for insertion procedures and pain management.

Frequency of enteroparasitic infections and serum positivity for Toxocara spp. in children from a public day care center in Southern Brazil / Frequência de enteroparasitos e de soropositividade para Toxocara spp. em crianças de uma creche pública do Sul do Brasil

Abstract Introduction Day care centers play an important social role in children's early education and development. The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency of intestinal parasitic infections and infection with Toxocara spp. in children from a day care center in the city of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methods: The study was conducted using fecal samples from 50 children, ages three to six years, using Ritchie, Faust, Rugai, and Kinyoun's techniques. A closed and structured epidemiological questionnaire was used to collect data from the parents/guardians of the children. Serological studies for detection of antibodies to Toxocara spp. by immunoenzymatic assays using Toxocara excretion and secretion antigen (TES) were conducted on sera collected from 41 children. Results: The frequency of enteroparasites was 18%, with 43.9% of the children testing seropositive for Toxocara spp. Low family income and low literacy levels of parents/guardians were common factors between the families of the parasite-positive children. For the children who tested positive for Toxocara spp., most of the parents/guardians reported using only water for sanitizing raw vegetables and fruits. Conclusions: The high seropositivity rates for Toxocara spp. indicate that children were exposed to this parasite, and it is important to reduce the risk of infection. In addition, the seropositivity for enteroparasites and the interviews with the parents/guardians indicate the need to educate the studied population regarding the modes of intestinal parasite transmission and the prophylactic measures needed to prevent their dissemination.

Resumo Introdução As creches desempenham um importante papel social na educação e desenvolvimento inicial das crianças. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a frequência de infecções parasitárias intestinais, além de infecção por Toxocara spp. em crianças de uma creche na cidade do Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Métodos: Para o estudo, foram coletadas amostras fecais de 50 crianças de três a seis anos, analisadas pelas técnicas de Ritchie, Faust, Rugai e Kinyoun, sendo aplicado um questionário epidemiológico fechado e estruturado aos pais/responsáveis ​​das crianças. Também foi realizada uma pesquisa sorológica de anticorpos para Toxocara spp. em 41 crianças, pelo ensaio imunoenzimático, associado ao antígeno de excreção e secreção (ES), com soros pré-adsorvidos com antígeno somático de Ascaris lumbricoides. Resultados: A frequência de enteroparasitos foi de 18%, enquanto que 43.9% das crianças foram soropositivas para Toxocara spp.. Baixa renda familiar e baixo nível de alfabetização dos pais/responsáveis ​​foram fatores comuns entre as famílias das crianças parasitadas. A maioria dos pais ou responsáveis das crianças, com diagnóstico positivo para enteroparasitos ou para Toxocara spp., relatou utilizar apenas água para a higienização de verduras e frutas. Conclusões: As altas taxas de soropositividade para Toxocara spp. indicam que as crianças foram expostas a esse parasito, sendo importante minimizar o risco de infecção. Além disso, a positividade de 18% para enteroparasitos e os dados obtidos com as entrevistas realizadas com os pais ou responsáveis demonstram a necessidade da realização de trabalhos com a população estudada que visem a divulgação sobre as parasitoses intestinais, especialmente sobre medidas profiláticas especificas.

Valoración de la mejoría clínica en niños y adolescentes con trastornos psiquiátricos: una evaluación de múltiples perspectivas con HoNOSCA / Measure of clinical improvement in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders: an evaluation of multiple perspectives with HoNOSCA

INTRODUCCIÓN La evaluación rutinaria de variables de resultado ayuda en la toma de decisiones, la asignación de recursos y el diseño de políticas en salud. La evaluación rutinaria de variables de resultado en el entorno hospitalario para niños y adolescentes con trastornos psiquiátricos sigue siendo limitada. La Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents, HoNOSCA, que recientemente se ha traducido al español y al catalán, permite la evaluación de resultados en esta población desde la perspectiva de pacientes, padres o tutores legales y clínicos. Este instrumento mide 13 áreas de salud y funcionamiento psicosocial. OBJETIVOS Evaluar variables de resultado en salud mental entre pacientes jóvenes de hospital de día de psiquiatría desde estas tres perspectivas usando Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents. MÉTODOS Reclutamos pacientes pediátricos (18 años o menos) con cualquier trastorno psiquiátrico en el hospital de día de la unidad de psiquiatría y psicología juvenil del Hospital Salut Mental Parc Taulí (Sabadell, Cataluña, España). Obtuvimos puntuaciones de Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents desde la perspectiva de pacientes, sus padres o tutores legales y clínicos, al ingreso y al alta. RESULTADOS Reclutamos 99 pacientes entre enero de 2015 y diciembre de 2017; once se perdieron durante el seguimiento. Entre los 88 restantes, encontramos una mejora significativa en las puntuaciones de Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents desde el ingreso hasta el alta. El acuerdo en las puntuaciones de esta escala entre los diferentes evaluadores fue débil al inicio, pero mejor al alta. En general, los pacientes y los padres o tutores legales reportaron puntuaciones más bajas de Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (mejor estado de salud) al ingreso en comparación con los profesionales de la salud. Al alta, las puntuaciones fueron homogéneas desde las tres perspectivas. CONCLUSIONES La Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents permite la evaluación rutinaria de variables de resultado en salud mental en el entorno de hospital de día de psiquiatría desde la perspectiva de los pacientes, sus padres o tutores legales y los profesionales de la salud.

INTRODUCTION Routine outcome assessment is helpful to inform decision-making, resource allocation, and health policy design. Routine outcome assessment in the hospital setting for children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders remains limited. The clinical instrument HoNOSCA (Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents), which has recently become available in Spanish and Catalan, allows outcome assessment in this population from the perspective of patients, their parents or legal guardians, and clinicians. HoNOSCA measures 13 areas of health and psychosocial functioning. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess mental health outcomes in psychiatric day hospital pediatric patients from three perspectives (patient, par-ent/legal guardian, clinician), using the Spanish and Catalan versions of HoNOSCA. METHODS We recruited patients up to 18 years old with any psychiatric disorder at the day unit of the Salut Mental Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari (Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain). We obtained admission and discharge HoNOSCA scores for the patients, their parents or legal guardians, and their clinicians. RESULTS We recruited 99 patients over the study period (January 2015 to December 2017), 11 of which were lost to follow-up. Among the remaining 88, we found significant improvement in HoNOSCA scores from admission to discharge. Agreement between the HoNOSCA scores for the three different groups of evaluators (patients, parents/legal guardians, and clinicians) was weak at admission but better at discharge. In general, evaluations from patients and their parents or legal guardians had lower HoNOSCA scores (indicating a better mental health status) at admis-sion compared to those from clinicians. At discharge, however, the scores were more homogenous across the three groups of stakeholders. CONCLUSIONS Use of HoNOSCA allows for routine evaluation of mental health outcomes in the psychiatric day hospital setting from the perspective of pa-tients, their parents or legal guardians, and clinicians.

Factors contributing to primary caregiver delay in presenting children with chronic kidney disease for medical care in Ghana

Background: Conforming to the 2016 World Kidney Day focus on raising awareness of the early detection of kidney diseases in children, we report on factors that contribute to primary caregiver delay in presenting their children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) for medical care in Kumasi, Ghana. Aim: The objective of the study was to explore and describe the factors that contribute to primary caregiver delay in presenting children with CKD for medical care in Kumasi, Ghana. Setting: The study was conducted in the Paediatric Renal Unit in Kumasi, Ghana. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in January 2017. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from a convenience sample of 10 primary caregivers whose children were admitted for CKD, but were not too ill. The primary caregivers had to respond to the research question: What factors contribute to your delay in presenting your child with CKD for medical care? Thematic data analysis and the ecological model of Schneider (2017) were used to organise the findings. Results: Four themes and related subthemes, including intrapersonal-related factors, interpersonal-related factors, community-related factors and infrastructural factors were identified as those that contribute to delay in presenting children with CKD for medical care. Conclusion: The findings show that primary prevention strategies for CKD in children should not only focus on personal-related factors but also cut across all levels of the socio-ecological model in order for them to be effective

The Effect of Self-efficacy and Depression on Sense of Family Coherence in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy and Primary Caregivers in Day Care Wards: Using the Method Actor-partner Interdependence Model

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of self-efficacy and depression on the sense of family coherence in both cancer patients and their caregivers using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) analysis.METHODS: A total of 274 patients were registered in the study, including 137 cancer patients who were undergoing chemotherapy in a day care ward and 137 primary caregivers. The data was collected from December 30, 2017 to July 30, 2018. Data were analyzed by the data analysis method using SPSS/WIN 20.0 (SPSS Korea Data Solution Inc) and AMOS 21.0 (SPSS Korea Data Solution Inc).RESULTS: Self-efficacy of cancer patients had a direct effect on patient depression (β=−.24, p=.008). Self-efficacy of primary caregivers also had a direct effect on patient depression (β=−.51, p < .001). Factors significantly affecting cancer patient FSOC were cancer patient self-efficacy (β=.34, p < .001) and cancer patient depression (β=−.42, p < .001). Factors significantly affecting primary caregiver FSOC (Family Sense of Coherence) were cancer patient self-efficacy (β=.13, p=.026) and caregiver depression (β=−.29, p=.008).CONCLUSION: It is thought that self-efficacy and depression should be controlled to improve the family cohesion of cancer patients and their primary caregivers.

Analysis of Correlation among Oral Environment, Oral Myofunction, and Oral Microorganisms / 치위생과학회지

BACKGROUND: Factors affecting oral function include tooth number, oral muscle strength, and oral diseases. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among oral environment, muscle, and microbiology. METHODS: Fifty-six elderly individuals in a day care center were included in the study. The survey regarding tongue and lip muscle strength and oral microorganisms was conducted from November to December 2018. RESULTS: Tongue and lip muscle strength were greater in men than women (p>0.05). Tongue muscle strength was greater in the ≤80-year-old group (34.94±9.85) than the ≥90-year-old group (25.57±7.54) (p<0.05). Tongue muscle strength and lip muscle strength were greater in the ≥15 functional teeth group (34.08±9.31 and 9.25±1.63, respectively) than in the <15 functional teeth group (28.08±7.53 and 7.76±1.51, respectively) (p<0.05). Age was significantly correlated with functional tooth number, denture use, and tongue muscle strength. The number of functional teeth was positively correlated with tongue muscle strength, lip muscle strength, and oral microorganisms. Denture use was negatively correlated with tongue and lip muscle strength. Tongue muscle strength was significantly correlated with lip muscle strength. The number of Eubacterium nodatum was higher in men than women. The number of Parvimonas micra and Enterococcus faecalis was higher in the groups with ≥15 functional teeth, denture use, and greater tongue and lip muscle strength. The number of Lactobacillus casei was higher in the group that uses dentures and with greater tongue strength. CONCLUSION: Oral microbiology is more important in oral environment and management than oral muscle function. The correlation between oral muscle and oral microorganism requires further study. Therefore, oral care training should be conducted to improve the oral care practice of elderly individuals, maintain oral health through oral care, and prevent the decrease in saliva secretion by aging.

Vivencias espirituales del adulto mayor en un hospital de día de la red almenara, en Lima, Perú / Spiritual experiences of the elderly in a day hospital of the almenara network, in Lima, Peru

Objetivo: analizar vivencias espirituales del adulto mayor en un Hospital de Día de la Red Almenara, en Lima. Introducción: las vivencias son experiencias que viven los adultos mayores, surgen de su interior y forman parte de su carácter, la espiritualidad basada en creencias y valores se caracteriza por la relación con el yo, con el otro, con la naturaleza y con la vida. Material y métodos: investigación cualitativa, descriptiva comprensiva, realizada con 10 adultos mayores, el muestreo fue definido por saturación de discursos. La técnica fue la entrevista a profundidad con una guía de entrevista semi estructurada, aplicada en dos sesiones, respetándose los principios bioéticos. Resultados: se identificaron tres categorías generales: re-creando las concepciones de la espiritualidad; la espiritualidad en la práctica de valores y la espiritualidad desde la religio-sidad del adulto mayor. Discusión: la primera categoría define el acercamiento a Dios a través de la oración y la religión, considerada una necesidad básica y humana para promover la calidad de vida. La segunda categoría, se refiere a la práctica de valores que es trascendente y se refleja principalmente en el amor y la solidaridad. La tercera categoría, señala que la espiritualidad brinda la oportunidad de estar en paz con uno mismo y con los demás. Conclusiones: las vivencias espirituales de los adultos mayores indican que ellos desean vivir mejor, usando lo que le resta de vida de la mejor manera posible. Por ello, se apoyan en la religiosidad y la práctica de valores para conservar la paz espiritual logrando así, un envejecimiento favorable.

Evaluación de la funcionalidad y fragilidad de las personas mayores asistentes a centros de día / Changes in social psychological and functional variables among older people attending a day care center

Background: Older people attending day care centers improve their social activities, perception of quality of life and reduce their institutionalization rate and risk of mortality in the medium term. Aim: To evaluate the changes in the integral geriatric assessment and frailty of a group of older people attending a day care center in Santiago. Material and Methods: Health self-perception, integral geriatric assessment, Barthel scale, frailty indicators, mini-mental state scale, Yesavage depression score and a scale about solitude perception were evaluated in 35 participants aged 73 ± 6 years on admission and at discharge from a day care center for older people. Results: At discharge, significant improvements were observed for depression, perception of social support and physical frailty. However, no changes in functional status, cognitive function and perception of solitude were observed. Conclusions: Older people attending improve their perception of social support and decrease their frailty and depression scores.

Modos de cuidar negociados no encontro da enfermeira com familiares cuidadores de idosos com Alzheimer / Ways of caring negotiated on the meeting between the nurse and family caretakers of elderly with Alzheimer disease

O objeto de estudo centra-se na re(construção) de modos de cuidar do idoso com doença de Alzheimer negociados com familiares-cuidadores inseridos em um Centro Dia. Teve como objetivos: desvelar saberes de experiência feitas construídos por familiares-cuidadores no cotidiano de cuidar de idosos com doença de Alzheimer em casa e no Centro Dia; discutir necessidades e demandas de cuidado a estes idosos; negociar modos de cuidar de idosos com doença de Alzheimer fundamentados nos saberes de experiências feitas, necessidades e demandas trazidas pelos cuidadores-familiares e nas evidências e práticas científicas. A perspectiva teórica foi orientada na educação libertária freiriana, aplicada à pedagogia em saúde; no conceito semiótico de cultura amparado na antropologia crítica de Geertz; e na tipologia de cuidados para promover a vida, segundo Collière. Pesquisa do tipo qualitativo, na modalidade Pesquisa-Ação, desenvolvida no Centro de Atendimento para pessoas Idosas com Alzheimer e Familiares ­ Centro Dia Synval Santos, localizado no município de Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, com a participação de vinte familiares-cuidadores de usuários desta instituição. Os dados foram produzidos através de entrevista estruturada individual, com uso de formulário de caracterização dos participantes; emprego dos métodos criativo-sensível, rodas de conversa e observação participante; organizados e analisados com base na Análise Crítica do Discurso. Os aspectos éticos foram atendidos de acordo com o previsto na Resolução 466/2012. Os resultados revelaram que as práticas discursivas dos familiares- cuidadores se sustentam em saberes e experiências de cuidado no contexto domiciliar, comunitário e institucional, e se fundam na significação cultural da doença, em saberes comuns e em práticas científicas. Os participantes assumem diferentes tipos de cuidado, sendo por eles tipologizados como: missão, cotidianos e habituais de manutenção da vida, afetivos, com base na fé, como ato de reciprocidade. As necessidades e demandas trazidas pelos familiares, como redes de apoio e solidariedade; acesso às informações; elaboração de políticas públicas alusivas às especificidades do idoso com Alzheimer carece de respostas e resolutividade imediatas. O impacto da falta de resolutividade das políticas públicas existentes no campo da saúde do idoso, particularmente o que apresenta algum grau de demência, que possam garantir oportunidades e estratégias que o representem, afeta a qualidade de vida dos idosos e de seus familiares-cuidadores, com repercussões à saúde de ambos. A ausência de espaços, onde estes familiares possam trocar experiências e discutir aspectos relacionados à convivência com a doença e o doente, exacerba situações de conflito diante o cuidado requerido; afeta física, psicológica, social e espiritualmente os envolvidos neste processo. Assim, a Tese defendida sustenta que o diálogo intercultural possibilitado pela criação de um espaço participativo de investigação e ação, tecido na interação e na negociação coletivas, é capaz de deslocar o poder da cultura científica, trazendo o poder dos cuidadores-familiares na re(construção) de modos de cuidar do idoso com doença de Alzheimer. Recomenda-se ações intersetoriais e participativas entre usuários e seus familiares, equipe interdisciplinar, pesquisadores, gestores e membros da sociedade civil.

The study object is the re(construction) of ways of caring the elderly with Alzheimer disease negotiated with family caretakers inserted in a Day Center. It aimed: to unveil experience knowledge constructed by family caretakers in the daily life of caring for the elderly with Alzheimer disease at home and at the Day Center; to discuss needs and care demands of this elderly; to negotiate ways of caring of the elderly with Alzheimer disease based on experience knowledge, needs and demands brought by family caretakers and in scientific evidence and practice. Theoretical perspective was oriented by Freire's libertarian education, applied to health's pedagogy; and in the semiotic concept of culture protected by Geertz critical antropology; and in care typology to promote life, according Collière. Qualitative research, in the Action-Research modality, developed in the Care Center for Elderly with Alzheimer and their Family Members - Day Center Synval Santos, located in the city of Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, with the participation of twenty family caretakers of this institution's users. Data were produced through individual semistructured interview with the use of participant's characterization form; employment of the creative-sensitive methods, conversation circles and participant observation; organized and analyzed based on Critical Discourse Analysis. Ethical Aspects were met according the Resolution 466/2012. Results revealed that discoursive practices of family caretakers were sustained in care knolwedge and experiences in the contexts of home, community and institutional, and merge themselves on the disease's cultural meaning, in common sense and scientific practices. Participants take on different types of care, being typologized as: mission, quotidian and usual maintenance of life, affective, based on faith, as an act of reciprocity. Needs and demands brought by family members, such as support and solidarity network; access to information; and elaboration of public policies alusive to especificidades of the elderly with Alzheimer disease, lack immediate answers and resolveness. The impact of lack of resolutiveness of existing public policies in the elderly's health field, particularly those who present a degree of dementia, that can guarantee opportunities and strategies that represent them, affects the quality of the elderly and the family caretakers, with repercussions to the health of both. The absense of spaces where family members can exchange experiences and discuss aspects related to coexisting with the illness and the ill, exacerbates conflict situations before the required care; affects physical, psychological, social and spiritually those involved in the process. Thus, the Theses defended sustains that the intercultural dialogue enabled by the creation of a participative investigation and action space, weaved in collective interaction and negotiation, is capable of displace the power of scientific culture, bringing family caretaker's power on re(construction) of ways of caring for the elderly with Alzheimer disease. Intersectoral and participatory actions among users and their families, interdisciplinary team, researchers, managers and members of civil society are recommended.

L'objet de l'étude est centré sur la construction des soignants de personnes âgées atteints de la maladie d'Alzheimer négociés avec les aidants familiaux insérés dans un centre de soins de jour. Il avait pour objectifs: de dévoiler les connaissances acquises par les aidants familiaux dans la prise en charge quotidienne des personnes âgées atteintes de la maladie d'Alzheimer à domicile et au centre de jour; discuter des besoins et des demandes de soins de ces personnes âgées; négocier des façons de prendre soin des personnes âgées atteintes de la maladie d'Alzheimer en se fondant sur la connaissance des expériences faites, des besoins et des demandes des aidants naturels et sur les preuves et les pratiques scientifiques. La perspective théorique était orientée vers l'éducation libertaire freirienne, appliqué à la pédagogie de la santé; dans le concept sémiotique de la culture basé sur l'anthropologie critique de Geertz et dans la typologie des soins pour promouvoir la vie, selon Collière. Recherche de type qualitatif, dans la modalité Recherche-Action, développée dans le Centre d'Attention aux Personnes Agées atteintes d'Alzheimer et de leurs proches - Centre Jour Synval Santos, situé dans la ville de Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, avec la participation de vingt proches aidants des usagers de cette institution. Les données ont été produites à travers une interview structurée individuelle, en utilisant le formulaire de caractérisation du participant; l'emploi de méthodes créatives sensibles, rondes de discussion et observation participante; organisé et analysé en fonction de l'Analyse Critique du Discours. Les aspects éthiques ont été respectés conformément aux dispositions de la Résolution 466/2012. Les résultats ont révélé que les pratiques discursives des aidants familiaux sont fondées sur les connaissances et les expériences de soins dans le contexte familial, communautaire et institutionnel, et sont basés sur l'importance culturelle de la maladie, du savoir commun et des pratiques scientifiques. Les participants prennent différents types de soins, étant typologisé par eux comme: mission, habituel et quotidien de maintien de la vie, affectif, basé sur la foi, comme acte de réciprocité. Les besoins et les demandes des membres de la famille, réseaux de soutien et de solidarité, accès à l'information; et l'élaboration de politiques publiques concernant les spécificités des personnes âgées atteintes d'Alzheimer, elles manquent de réponses et de résolution immédiates. L'impact du manque de rationalité des politiques publiques dans le domaine de la santé des personnes âgées, en particulier ceux qui ont un certain degré de démence, qui peut garantir des opportunités et des stratégies qui leurs représentent, affecte la qualité de leurs aînés et de leurs proches aidants, avec des répercussions sur la santé des deux. L'absence d'espaces où ces proches peuvent échanger des expériences et discuter des aspects liés à la vie avec la maladie et le patient, elle exacerbe les situations de conflit avec les soins requis; affecte physiquement, psychologiquement, socialement et spirituellement les personnes impliquées dans ce processus. Ainsi, la thèse défendue soutient que le dialogue interculturel rendu possible par la création d'un espace participatif d'investigation et d'action, tissé dans l'interaction collective et la négociation, est capable de déplacer la puissance de la culture scientifique, en train d'amener le pouvoir des aidants familiaux dans la (re)construction des soins des personnes âgées atteintes de la maladie d'Alzheimer. Des actions intersectorielles et participatives sont recommandées parmi les utilisateurs et leurs familles, équipe interdisciplinaire, chercheurs, gestionnaires et membres de la société civile.

Estudo comparativo da qualidade de vida de idosos asilados e frequentadores do centro dia / Comparative study of quality of life of elderly nursing home residents and those attneding a day Center

Resumo Objetivou-se comparar a QV de idosos asilados e frequentadores do Centro Dia do Asilo Vila Vicentina, no município de Bauru/SP. A amostra contou com 48 sujeitos, sendo 21 homens, 5 do Centro Dia e 16 asilados, e 27 mulheres, 16 do Centro Dia e 11 asiladas, que responderaim aos questionários: caracterização sociodemográfica, WHOQOL-Old e WHOQOL-Bref. As respostas, submetidas à estatística descritiva e inferencial, permitiram comparar os escores de QV dos asilados aos dos frequentadores do Centro Dia, por meio do Teste de Mann Whitney. Os resultados apontaram melhores escores de QV para os idosos do Centro Dia, destacando-se as mulheres. As institucionalizadas tiveram os piores valores de QV, sobressaindo-se os domínios Físico e Psicológico. Os domínios com escores mais baixos foram: Meio Ambiente (42,6 ± 10,7 para as asiladas e 44,4 ± 9,7 para os homens do Centro Dia) e Intimidade (13,1 ± 17,3 para as asiladas e 9,4 ± 22,7 para os asilados). Os mais altos foram: Relações Sociais (74,0 ± 13,6 para as mulheres do Centro Dia e 68,3 ± 10,9 para os homens do Centro Dia) e Morte/Morrer (83,6 ± 22,0 para as mulheres do Centro Dia e 80,0 ± 32,6 para os homens do Centro Dia).

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the QOL of the elderly living in nursing homes and those who attend the Day Center (Centro Dia) at the the Asilo Vila Vicentina in the city of Bauru/SP. The sample consisted of 48 subjects, 21 men, 5 from the Day Center and 16 nursing home residents, and 27 women, 16 from the Day Center and 11 nursing homes residents, who answered the following questionnaires: socio-demographic characteristics, WHOQOL-Old, and WHOQOL-Bref. The responses were submitted to descriptive and inferential statistics to compare the QOL scores of the nursing home residents with the elderly who attend the Day Center using the Mann Whitney test. The results showed better QOL scores for the elderly who attend the Day Center, in which women stood out. Among the institutionalized elderly, women presented the worst QOL values, particularly in the Physical and Psychological domains. The domains with the lowest scores were Environment (42.6 ± 10.7 for women in nursing homes and 44.4 ± 9.7 for men at the Day Center) and Intimacy (13.1 ± 17.3 for women in nursing homes and 9.4 ± 22.7 for men in nursing homes). The domains with the highest scores were Social Affairs (74.0 ± 13.6 for women at the Day Center and 68.3 ± 10.9 for men at the Day Center) and Death/Dying (83.6 ± 22.0 for women at the Day Center and 80.0 ± 32.6 for men at the Day Center).

Diagnosis and treatment of acute rhinosinusitis in children

Acute rhinosinusitis is a common entity in children, most are due to viral infections, however up to over 80% children with rhinosinusitis are prescribed with antibiotics. Acute bacterial sinusitis should be diagnosed in when a child has 1) a severe onset with a fever over 39℃, purulent nasal discharge or facial pain for 3 to 4 days; 2) persistent illness with rhinorrhea, daytime cough or both for over 10 days with no clinical improvement; or 3) worsening course with symptoms aggravating or new onset symptoms including fever, headache, cough or rhinorrhea after clinical improvement. Radiographic imaging is not recommended for differentiation of viral and bacterial rhinosinusitis, however a contrast-enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging may be done in cases with orbital or central nervous system complications. Antibiotics may be prescribed in cases with severe onset or worsening course. Antibiotics may be prescribed after additional observation for 3 days in children with persistent illness. Amoxicillin-clavulanate (amoxicillin 40 to 50 mg/kg/day, every 12 hours) is recommended for initial treatment and high dose amoxicillin-clavulanate (amoxicillin 90 mg/kg/day every 12 hours) may be considered in cases with severe infection, children in day care center, under 2 years of age, recent admission history, previous antibiotics within 1 month and immunocompromised children. Clinical response should be reassessed in cases of worsening or failure to improve within 72 hours of treatment.

Incidência de eventos adversos cirúrgicos em hospital dia / Incidence of adverse surgical events in hospital day / Incidencia de eventos adversos quirúrgicos en el hospital día

Os eventos adversos cirúrgicos têm especial relevância pelo impacto sobre a saúde dos pacientes e por serem eventos preveníveis. A despeito do crescente número de publicações nessa área, persistem lacunas de conhecimento sobre esses eventos na modalidade da assistência cirúrgica ambulatorial. O objetivo deste trabalho é estimar a incidência de eventos adversos cirúrgicos em um Hospital Dia. Para tanto, o método utilizado foi estudo de coorte histórica, dinâmica de 55.879 pacientes operados em um Hospital Dia entre 2010 e 2014. Os resultados indicam que incidência de eventos adversos cirúrgicos foi de 0,51%. Destes eventos, 0,31% foi de infecções do sítio cirúrgico e 0,19% de outros eventos adversos cirúrgicos distribuídos proporcionalmente em: deiscência da ferida cirúrgica (12,9%), hemorragia (5,2%), flebite (5,2%) e trombose dos membros inferiores (4,9%). Assim, os resultados deste estudo ratificam que a cirurgia realizada em regime ambulatorial de Hospital Dia está relacionada a menores incidências de eventos adversos cirúrgicos quando comparados com outros estudos no mesmo tipo de organização, bem como, com estudos em hospitais convencionais. Esses dados ratificam a segurança da cirurgia ambulatorial, entretanto, é indispensável um sistema de seguimento dos pacientes após alta, no sentido de evitar a subnotificação e sub-registros dos dados, que, na ausência desse, pode ocultar dados e identificar taxas irreais.

Surgical adverse events are particularly relevant because of their impact on patient's health and because they are preventable events. Despite the growing number of publications in this area, there are still gaps of knowledge about these events in the ambulatory surgical care modality. The objective of this work is to estimate the incidence of adverse surgical events in hospital day. The method adopted to that end was a historical, dynamic cohort study of 55,879 patients operated in a hospital day between 2010 and 2014. The results indicate that the incidence of surgical adverse events was 0.51%. Of these, 0.31% were surgical site infections and 0.19% of other surgical adverse events proportionally distributed in surgical wound dehiscence (12.9%), hemorrhage (5.2%), phlebitis (5, 2%) and lower limb thrombosis (4.9%). Thus, the results of this study confirm that the surgery performed in day hospital ambulatory is related to lower incidences of surgical adverse events in comparison to other studies in the same type of organization, as well as to studies in conventional hospitals. These data confirm the safety of ambulatory surgery, however, monitoring patients after discharge is indispensable in order to avoid data underreporting and sub-recording, which, in the absence of such monitoring, can hide data and identify unrealistic rates.

Eventos adversos quirúrgicos tienen especial relevancia por el impacto en la salud de los pacientes y porque son eventos prevenibles. A pesar del creciente número de publicaciones en esta área, aún existen lagunas en el conocimiento de estos hechos en la forma de atención de cirugía ambulatoria. El objetivo de este estudio es estimar la incidencia de eventos adversos quirúrgicos en el hospital día. Para ello, el método utilizado fue un estudio de cohortes históricas, dinámica de 55,879 pacientes operados en hospital día entre 2010 y 2014. Los resultados indican que la incidencia de eventos adversos quirúrgicos fue de 0,51%. De estos eventos el 0,31% fue de las infecciones del sitio quirúrgico y el 0,19% de otros eventos adversos quirúrgicos distribuye proporcionalmente en: dehiscencia de la herida quirúrgica (12,9%), sangrado (5,2%), flebitis (5, 2%) y la trombosis de las extremidades inferiores (4,9%). Por lo tanto, los resultados confirman que la cirugía realizada en régimen ambulatorio de un hospital día se relaciona con una menor incidencia de eventos adversos quirúrgicos cuando se compara con otros estudios en el mismo tipo de organización, así como con estudios en hospitales convencionales. Estos datos confirman la seguridad de la cirugía ambulatoria, sin embargo, es esencial para un sistema de seguimiento de los pacientes después del alta, para evitar la notificación incompleta y sub registros de datos, que, en ausencia de eso, puede ocultar datos e identificar tasas poco realistas.

Peri-anal surgery under saddle block anaesthesia comparing three different doses of hyperbaric 0.75% bupivacaine

Objective: To compare three doses of hyperbaric 0.75% bupivacaine and measuring time for home readiness after day care perianal surgery under saddle block anaesthesia

Study Design: Non randomized controlled trial

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the department of Anaesthesia, CMH Rawalpindi from Jun 2014 to Apr 2015

Material and Methods: In this study 90 patients who presented for perianal day care surgery, were divided in three equal groups. Group A received 7.5 mg, group B 6.0 mg and group C 4.5 mg of hyperbaric 0.75% bupivacaine. Intrathecal injection was given in L4-5 space by 25 G spinal needle in sitting position. Lithotomy position was made after five minutes. After surgery patients were monitored in recovery room. After fulfilling ambulatory and discharge criteria patients were allowed to go home with attendants. Time of intrathecal injection, assessment of above criteria and time of discharge were noted and analyzed

Results: Male patients were 85.6% and females were 14.4%. Mean time of surgery was 48 +/- 10.59 min. Mean time of discharge in minutes for group A was 235.86 +/- 49.38, for group B 217.7 +/- 42.49 and for group C 205.76 +/- 32

Time of discharge was significantly different between group A and group C [p=0.02]

While it was not significantly different between group A and group B [p=0.29] and between group B and group C [p=0.819]

Conclusion: Lower dose of hyperbaric bupivacaine can reduce the time for home readiness compared to higher dose. Time of discharge is mainly dependent on time to micturate after saddle block anaesthesia

The Effects of Group Motivational Interviewing Compliance Therapy on Drug Attitude, Medicine Application Self-efficacy and Medicine Application in Psychiatric Patients / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study aims to verify the effects of the Group Motivational Interviewing Compliance Therapy on drug attitude, medicine application self-efficacy and medicine application in psychiatric patients. METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group pre-posttest design. Participants were 43 patients (22 in experimental group and 21 in control group) who were registered at neuro-psychiatric day care center in one university hospital, S city. The experimental group received the Group Motivational Interviewing Compliance Therapy for 6 sessions over 6 weeks. Data were collected between November, 2014 and September, 2016. Comparison of the pre-post results was performed by paired t-test and between-group effect was analyzed by ANCOVA with the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. RESULTS: The experimental group had a significant increase in drug attitude compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference in medicine application self-efficacy and medicine application between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The Group Motivational Interviewing Compliance Therapy is suggested as a promising program that helps psychiatric patients improve drug attitude. Further studies are needed to confirm the effects of the Group Motivational Interviewing Compliance Therapy.